Table of Content

25 December 2023, Volume 43 Issue 6

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Quantum Precision Measurement Technology and Its Typical Applications in Measurement Field

GE Meng, ZHANG Tie-li, LIU Hao, SONG Yan, WU Chen

2023, 43(6):  1-6.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.06.01

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Quantum precision measurement is based on the basic principle of quantum mechanics by using the interaction between light，atoms and magnetic field to measure physical quantities.The concept of quantum precision measurement and the technical principles in quantum precision measurement are described as a starting point,and typical applications of quantum precision measurement technology in the field of measurement are investigated.The principles,applications,and development status of femtosecond optical frequency comb technology,precision measurement technology for atomic ensemble and quantum light field,and quantum enhancement measurement technology based on nonlinear interference are analyzed.It could provide reference for the development of measurement technology in China.

Revolution of Mass Quantum Metrology and Development of Watt Balance

YANG Rong-qi, WANG Si-xian, WANG Xun

2023, 43(6):  7-11.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.06.02

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The evolution of the definition of kilogram,the basic unit of SI,was discussed.The specific causes that drive the rapid realization of quantization of mass unit was clarified with the corresponding impact on mass metrology and electrical metrology.The internal logic of quantization of mass unit based on Avogadro constant and Planck constant was analyzed.The specific principle of establishing a relation between macroscopic mass and Planck constant by watt balance was discussed.The development and relative standard uncertainties of the measurement of watt balance in six institutions such as NPL,NIST and NIM was introduced.The data show that China has entered the international advanced level in the field of mass quantum metrology.

Research on Gas Temperature Measurement Based on Dual-comb Spectroscopy Technology

GAO Xiao-qiang, LIU Hao, ZHANG Zhi-tao, Wu Wei-wei

2023, 43(6):  12-16.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.06.03

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As a new technology,dual-comb spectroscopy has the advantages of high resolution,high sensitivity,wide spectral coverage and high speed measurement,which has unique advantages and broad development prospects in the field of molecular precision spectral analysis.A high temperature gas measurement scheme based on dual-comb spectrum is proposed.Two combs with small refrequency difference are used to achieve high temperature gas absorption spectrum measurement with high precision through asynchronous sampling,and the spectral temperature inversion algorithm is used to obtain the gas temperature value.In the experiment,a dual-comb system with repetition rate of about 205.315 MHz and 205.365 MHz was used to achieve high precision measurement of the absorption spectrum of CO₂ gas at 1 057 K at a wavelength of 4.2 μm.The results show that,as an active temperature measurement technology,it has the ability of accurate measurement of high temperature gas,and has an important application prospect in the field of high temperature measurement of national defense equipment.

A Review of Progress in Miniaturization of Cold Atom Quantum Vacuum Measurement Devices

CHENG Yong-jun, DONG Meng, SUN Wen-jun, WU Xiang-min, ZHANG Ya-fei

2023, 43(6):  17-24.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.06.04

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Quantum vacuum measurement is an important development direction of vacuum measurement technology in the future.Based on intrinsic physical properties of matter,quantum vacuum measurement has the characteristics of no calibration,little disturbance to vacuum environment and high precision.Currently,laboratory-scale cold atom quantum vacuum measuring devices have shown excellent performance,and scientists are working hard to advance the practical application of quantum sensors,which means that cold atom quantum vacuum measuring devices must be transformed from large laboratory-scale platforms to compact miniaturization quantum sensors.This requires miniaturization quantum sensors to have both a small size and excellent performance under extreme dynamic conditions.The latest advances in cold atom quantum sensor miniaturization is presented,focusing on the key components required for atomic cooling,including laser systems,atomic sources,magneto-optical traps,and coils.The miniaturization scheme of each element and its influence on the sensor performance is discussed,and the development of cold atom quantum vacuum sensor is prospected.

Precision Measurement and Application of Quantum Interference Based on Compressed Light and Entangled Light

ZHANG Yong-chao, ZHANG Tie-li, GAO Xiao-qiang, LIU Xiao-xu, XU Yong-yao

2023, 43(6):  25-30.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.06.05

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Quantum precision measurement technology has shown broad application prospects in many fields due to its advantage of breaking through the standard quantum limit (SQL).The basic principles of quantum interferometry based on compressed and entangled light were introduced,mainly including the principles of Hong Ou Mandel (HOM) interferometry and Mach Zehnder (MZ) interferometry.This article summarizes the main application directions of quantum interferometry technology at present,including applications in the simultaneous measurement of small displacement and angle multiple parameters,gravitational wave measurement,gas concentration detection,and quantum imaging.It looks forward to the future development and application prospects of quantum precision measurement technology,and analyzes the current problems and future development trends.

Research Progress of High-precision Autonomous Navigation Based on Cold Atom

XIE Hong-tai, KANG Ze-hao, HU Dong, WANG Yu

2023, 43(6):  31-38.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.06.06

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All-weather,high anti-interference,and high concealment positioning,navigation and timing without exchanging information with the outside world can be achieved by autonomous navigation.Cold atom interferometry is with ultra-high sensitivity and stability due to its characteristics of matter wave and absolute measurement,and is expected to create an autonomous high-precision navigation system integrating inertial navigation,gravity and gravity gradient map matching aided navigation,and applied to long-term voyage carriers.Based on the configuration of atom interferometry,the research on cold atom sensors in recent decades over the world is summarized,and the technical schemes is analyzed,so as the selection of schemes suitable for the autonomous navigation is provided.

Research on Integration and Test about Soliton Optical Frequency Comb on Chip

LIU Hao, GAO Xiao-qiang, DUAN Shuo, WU Chen

2023, 43(6):  39-43.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.06.07

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The optical frequency comb is composed of a series of coherent lasers distributed at equal intervals.As a high-precision frequency standard,it can realize ultra-fine scanning of the gas absorption spectrum,and has important applications in the fields of spectral analysis and combustion diagnosis.Micro-ring resonator optical frequency combs based on the Kerr nonlinear effect are expected to become a new generation of integrated light sources due to their advantages of small size,light weight,and low power consumption.The on-chip soliton optical frequency comb integration and testing research is carried out,the integrated packaging of the soliton optical frequency comb is realized,the evolution process of the soliton is observed experimentally,and the wavelength range of the broadband soliton optical frequency comb is greater than 100 nm,and the repetition frequency is greater than 49 GHz.Meanwhile,a dual-comb system was constructed based on the double micro-ring resonator,with a repetition frequency difference of 14.69 MHz,which realized the fine scanning of the C₂H₂ absorption spectrum.

Theoretical Background of Quantum Metrology

DING Guo, GUO Sheng, ZHU Jing-hua, DENG Peng-bo

2023, 43(6):  44-48.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.06.08

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The history of quantum mechanics is outlined and the fundamental formulas:the Schrdinger equation with the interpretation of the wave function,the Pauli exclusion principle,and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle are presented.The latter is illustrated with sample numerical calculations using this principle.The application of quantum effects in metrology,and present and compare the limits of accuracy and resolution of classical and quantum standards are briey discussed.The role of quantum effects in the new International System of Units are discussed as well.Although quantum effects have a wide range of applications,it is difficult to be understood by the public as it is strongly theoretical,which is reflected in many shortcomings in the 2018 version of SI.Finally,development of quantum metrology are prospected.

Evaluation of Measurement Uncertainty for Vibration Transducers Calibration in Fixed Temperature#br#

ZHU Gang, TIAN Jun-hong, DAI Yi-lin, LIU Peng, YANG Xiao-wei

2023, 43(6):  49-52.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.06.09

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According to absolute vibration calibration of laser interferometry in ISO16063-34,the calibration method of vibration transducer in fixed temperature was given.A uncertainty evaluation method of vibration calibration in fixed temperature is proposed in this paper.Basing on the effect factors research,the experimental results and experience,the relative expanded uncertainties of complex sensitivity at reference condition are evaluated.This method provides the reference for uncertainty evaluation of temperature sensitivity of vibration transducers in the future,and a basis for the accuracy evaluation of vibration measurement in temperature environment.

A Calibration Method of Device Attitude Angle Relation in Condition of Moving Base#br#

LI Yong-gang, WANG Chun-xi, ZHOU Yu-tang, WANG lei, ZHANG Zhong-wu

2023, 43(6):  53-58.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.06.10

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Under moving base condition，the attitude angle of the inertial attitude measurement equipment is transmitted by optical equipment such as photoelectric collimation theodolite.In order to realize the high-precision transmission,the attitude relationship between inertial attitude measurement equipment and attitude transmission equipment needs to be calibrated.Under the condition of dynamic base,the photoelectric collimation theodolite measure the reference cube mirror of the inertial attitude measurement equipment.The synchronous data collector is used to synchronously collect data from the inertial attitude measurement equipment,servo stability platform and photoelectric collimation theodolite,and establishes the transfer equation system according to the coordinate conversion of the attitude angle,and realizes the dynamic calibration of the attitude relationship between the inertial attitude measurement equipment and transmission equipment by solving the unknown parameters in the transmission equipment.The inertial attitude measurement equipment and the transmission equipment are used to verify the feasibility of the dynamic calibration method.

Influence of Reference Azimuth Error on Aiming Accuracy of Chinese New Generation Launch Vehicle#br#

QI Ying-hong, CHEN Xiu-ping, GUO Jin-gang, GUO Zhen, SONG Jing

2023, 43(6):  59-62.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.06.11

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A short-distance optical aiming method is used for Chinese new generation launch vehicle,which the photoelectric theodolite is located on the launch tower close to the vehicle.Because of the launch tower’s sloshing,there is error of the reference azimuth used by the theodolite.According to the method of optical vector,the effect model of the reference azimuth error to the aiming error is established.The results of numerical simulation demonstrate the aiming infrastructure should be satisfied a certain degree of stability.

Design of Built-in Conversion Circuit of Piezoelectric Shock Sensor

FANG Yuan-yong, ZHANG Jian, WU Jian, YANG Ke-xin

2023, 43(6):  63-70.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.06.12

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The charge type output is used in most of piezoelectric shock sensors,and there are few piezoelectric shock sensors with built-in conversion circuit.The main reason of adopting charge output for piezoelectric shock sensors is the poor adaptability of built-in conversion circuits.Limited by the internal structure,it is difficult to make the built-in circuit meet the measurement requirements of shock tests.In order to design a built-in conversion circuit that can be used for shock sensors,the analysis of the characteristics of the shock signal and the two built-in conversion circuits of the piezoelectric sensors are analyzed,and the conclusion that the voltage conversion circuit is suitable for the built-in conversion circuit of the sensors is drawn through the analysis of the characteristics of the charge conversion and voltage conversion circuits.The built-in voltage conversion circuit sensor has been tested and verified.

Research on Measurement Method of Low Temperature Microdeformation of Parts Based on Industrial CT#br#

DU De-yu, JIA Pei-zhi, LI Xiong-wei, Liu Lin, ZHAO Bin, WANG Xiao-ning, SONG Jin-cheng

2023, 43(6):  71-75.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.06.13

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In order to solve the problem of directly measuring microdeformation of parts under low temperature conditions，a measurement method for low-temperature microdeformation of parts based on high-precision Industrial Computerized Tomography (ICT) was proposed.A testing platform for low-temperature microdeformation was established based on ICT,and the parts were scanned and analyzed under both low-temperature and normal-temperature conditions following a constructed table of voltage-current parameter combinations.The imaging principle of ICT was introduced initially,followed by an elucidation of key technologies involved in measuring microdeformation of parts under low-temperature conditions,and finally the experimental results were detailedly described and analyzed.The findings indicated that the proposed measurement method exhibited good repeatability and the problem of direct measurement of microdeformation in parts at low temperatures was effectively solved.For parts of which material linear expansion coefficients have not been precisely measured,ICT can be used to measure microdeformation,serving as an alternative to estimating microdeformation using referenced linear expansion coefficients.

Research of Low Cost and High Integration for Launch Control System

WANG Xu, RONG Gang, CHANG Xi, JIANG Yue, MAI Ji

2023, 43(6):  76-82.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.06.14

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The design of the measuring,launching and control system of the vehicle is directly related to the efficiency and reliability of ground data transmission.A general low cost,high integration,integration system is proposed,which can realize real-time and post-hoc analysis and interpretation of test data while ensuring efficient transmission of time sequence instructions and telemetry data such as test power supply and distribution over long distances.Receiving the data on the aircraft，the fault detection,health status assessment,life and data management of the aircraft are completed by the ground measurement and control software.The system functions and software implementation methods are integrated to simplify the system architecture.The system development and maintenance costs are reduced,and the integration,reliability and maintenance of the system are improved.

Research on Temperature Compensation Method of Dew Point Transmitter#br#

ZHAO Hua-ye, FAN Hu, LI Chen-yuan, ZHAO Tian-cheng, ZHANG Jun-qi, LIU Xin, LIU Bao-ju, CHEN Yi-qing

2023, 43(6):  83-88.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.06.15

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In order to solve the problem that the measurement accuracy of dew point transmitter is affected by the change of ambient temperature，the mechanism of the influence of ambient temperature change on the accuracy of dew point transmitter is analyzed,combined with the existing dew point transmitter based on double resonant humidity sensor,a temperature compensation method based on adaptive partition fitting curve is proposed,and then test and verification is conducted.The test results show that the environment temperature adaptability of dew point transmitter could be effectively improved through this method.

Study on Mosaic Method for Backlighting Images Based on Accurate Location Control

BI Chao, TAN Luo-yan, SHENG Bo, XU Wei-yu, ZHANG Chao

2023, 43(6):  89-95.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2023.06.16

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As to the imaging filed limitations of the vision measuring system for blade-shaped holes,an image mosaic method based on accurate coordinate control was proposed to derive the panoramic image through the local backlighting images.The mathematical model was established to realize successive mosaic procedure of the adjacent local images through rigid transformation,in which the mosaic matrixes were computed by the related hardware parameters such as actual translation distance and equivalent size of pixel,etc.The method consists of calculation of the number of local images,capture of local images,computation of mosaic matrixes and generation of panoramic backlighting image of the blade-shaped hole,etc.Moreover,taking no account of the image information and overlap,the method possesses simple and low computation in image mosaic.To verify the function realization of the image mosaic method,a test piece of stator outer ring was selected as the target and the blade-shaped hole distributed on it was measured by the system to derive its panoramic image and profile data,which manifested the feasibility and effectiveness of the mosaic method for backlighting images.