Table of Content

15 April 2024, Volume 44 Issue 2

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Research on Measurement Standard of Offshore Static Cone Penetrometer and Uncertainty Evaluation

QIAN Fei, XU Su'an, GAO Chenhao, YAN Bingnan, MA Yikai, YAN Tian

2024, 44(2):  1-8.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2024.02.01

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In order to solve the metrological traceability of offshore static cone penetrometer,the influence of temperature on measurement is analyzed.On this basis,the measurement standard of offshore static cone penetrometer is designed.The uncertainty of measurement results is analyzed based on checking stability of the measurement standard and repeatability of experiment.The results show that the uncertainty of pore pressure is 0.017 MPa(k=2),the uncertainty of cone resistance is 0.031~0.270 kN(k=2),and the uncertainty of sleeve friction resistance is 0.031~0.036 kN(k=2).The measurement standard meets requirements for traceability of offshore static cone penetrometer.

Research on Calibration Method of Limit Travel Sensor of Centrifugal Test Bench for Rotor Hub Based on Precision Laser Ranging Technology

BAO Shanying, MENG Xianli, WANG Liling, GAO Qun

2024, 44(2):  9-13.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2024.02.02

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The working principle of a centrifugal test bench,which is used to simulate the opening and resetting of the centrifugal limiting block at low or high speed in the rotor hub overhaul and commissioning stage,is described.It is determined that the reason why the rotor hub is opened many times and the reset test still does not meet the technological requirements is that the limit stroke measurement of the centrifugal test bench is inaccurate,which leads to the opening of the centrifugal limit block and the misjudgment of the reset test,which ultimately affects the repair quality and progress of the equipment.In response to this problem,a calibration method for the centrifugal test bench limit travel sensor based on precision laser ranging technology is proposed,which can achieve accurate measurement of the centrifugal test bench limit travel sensor with a measurement accuracy of ±1 μm and a measurement uncertainty of 0.006 μm+1.92 × 10^-5L.

Study on Cavity Absolute Radiometer for Heat Flux Measurement

WANG Kuochuan, LU Chao, LI Yumei, YANG Jing, ZHANG Wei

2024, 44(2):  14-16.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2024.02.03

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The cavity absolute radiometer is widely used as heat flow standard in aerospace and military fields.The research background，measurement principle，development significance，structure and the functional composition of cavity absolute radiometer for heat flux measure are introduced.The test method for cavity absolute radiometer is proposed and measurement results are verified，which shows that the developed cavity absolute radiometer could meet the demand of heat flow calibration.

Optimization Analysis of Coriolis Mass Flowmeter Pickups

LI Hongmin, LIU Ruiyu, MA Yawei, WANG Ming

2024, 44(2):  17-24.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2024.02.04

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Finite element simulation was conducted to investigate the influence of the mass of the pickup on the instrument.The results indicate that an increase in the mass of the pickup will lead to a decrease in the resonance frequency of the measuring tube,and uneven mass distribution of the pickup will cause changes in the resonance frequency of the measuring tube.In order to reduce the impact of the pickup mass on the measuring tube,a capacitive sensor composed of epoxy-covered copper plates was designed as the pickup to achieve lightweight attachment,non-contact,and wide-band vibration sensing,and finite element analysis and experiments were conducted.The results show that lightweight capacitive pickups can increase the resonance frequency of the measuring tube,enhance the ability to suppress zero drift,and can respond to changes in the lower mass flow rate of the fluid more quickly and stably,providing a feasible technical solution for the production and research of Coriolis mass flowmeters.

Development of High Temperature and High Pressure Ultrasonic Flowmeter and Uncertainty Evaluation

GUO Weiwang, YANG Jian, LIU Hai, LIU Zhigang, WANG Qiang, CUI Xiwei, KANG Zhizeng, LIU Yan

2024, 44(2):  25-30.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2024.02.05

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In response to the operating characteristics of high temperature（240 ℃） and high pressure (12.2 MPa) in the main feedwater of domestic nuclear power plants,a high-precision ultrasonic flowmeter was developed based on the principle of time-difference method,which can achieve small power increase in the main feedwater flow measurement. The working principle,overall structure and design parameters of various components were introduced.The design ideas of the ultrasonic flowmeter scheme are summarized，the sources of uncertainty components in ultrasonic flowmeter measurement were proposed,and evaluation methods for uncertainty components in different situations were provided through experiments. The results indicate that the uncertainty components evaluation method introduced has been validated by utilizing existing flow standard devices in China,ensuring the uncertainty index of high temperature and high pressure ultrasonic flowmeter measurement,and achieving the goal.

A Method to Extend Range of GMSK Spread Spectrum Doppler Acquisition

LIAO Xiaohai, OU Jiacheng, ZHOU Bin, WANG Hui, XU Yang

2024, 44(2):  31-38.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2024.02.06

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Pseudo-code acquisition is an indispensable and important part in short-time burst GMSK spread spectrum communication.Especially in the case of weak signal at the receiving end,Doppler frequency shift will seriously affect the performance of pseudo-code acquisition at the receiving end.Aiming at the particularity of short-time burst GMSK spread spectrum system,a pseudo-code acquisition algorithm at the receiving end is designed,and the relevant formulas of the acquisition algorithm are deduced and analyzed.On this basis,a multi-channel parallel receiving acquisition method is proposed to adapt to the short-time burst condition.This method improves the pseudo-code acquisition performance of the GMSK spread spectrum communication system by expanding the Doppler adaptation range.Applying this method to the short-time burst GMSK spread spectrum communication system can increase the pseudo-code acquisition peak threshold by about 2.7 dB to meet the system sensitivity requirements,and occupy less hardware resources.

Research on Measurement of  with 13.2 m Antenna Main Surface Accuracy Sunlight Temperature Deformation#br#

SUN Wei, LIU Xiaoyu

2024, 44(2):  39-44.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2024.02.07

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The characteristics of 13.2 m reflector antenna are large aperture and high surface accuracy requirements,and it has been subjected to long-term deformation of the main reflector caused by seasonal and day-night temperature differences.A measurement and analysis method of sunlight deformation with main surface accuracy is proposed,which measures the accuracy of the main reflector surface using industrial digital photogrammetry technology,in response to the structural deformation caused by the high temperature sunlight in summer.The results show that the best fitting accuracy of the main reflector surface is less affected by the temperature,the fitting accuracy of fixed coordinate system is greatly affected by temperature.Due to the influence of gravity deformation and high temperature,the best fitting accuracy of the main reflector surface at 12:00 and 14:00 exceeds the 0.3 mm index under the condition of elevation of 70°.The relevant experimental results can provide a reference basis for analysis of sunlight deformation with main surface accuracy of similar large aperture reflector antennas.

X-ray Weld Defect Identification Based on Dilated Hierarchical Attention Capsule Network

ZHANG Ting, WANG Dengwu

2024, 44(2):  45-51.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2024.02.08

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Due to the complexity and diversity of X-ray images,many traditional methods based on X-ray weld defect detection have poor accuracy and generalization.An X-ray weld defect identification method based on dilated hierarchical attention capsule network(DHACNet)is proposed.DHACNet consists of convolution layer,dilated hierarchical convolution,attention mechanism,and capsule network(CapsNet).Convolution layer is used to extract the convolutional features of images,dilated hierarchical convolution and attention layer are used to extract multi-scale significance features.CapsNet uses capsule layer and dynamic routing algorithm to replace the pooling operation and full connection operation in convolutional neural network(CNN).DHACNet has powerful multi-scale feature extraction capability,which can overcome the drawbacks of CNN,such as focusing only on the local features of the image and the loss of partial image information caused by pooling operation.The experiments are carried out on the constructed X-ray weld defect image set,and its recognition accuracy reached over 96%.Compared with the traditional method the results show that the improved method is effective,and can provide technical support for the X-ray weld defect recognition system.

Rapid Detection of SAR Images of Naval Vessels Based on Improved YOLOv5-ResNet

LONG Hao, ZHANG Sijia, ZHOU Jing, WANG Guan

2024, 44(2):  52-59.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2024.02.09

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Under the influence of natural factors such as bad weather and waves,it is often difficult to effectively carry out ship target monitoring based on visible light data and other means,which requires the use of active microwave imaging satellite synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) for image interpretation.To address the issue of inaccurate feature extraction by deep learning when dealing with small datasets and images,as well as the problem of high data similarity,a cross-scale fusion mechanism based on YOLOv5-ResNet is proposed to redefine the loss function.The research shows that there is a certain improvement in the accuracy of identifying SAR ship targets:the maximum accuracy of identifying single ships is 93%,which is 4% higher than YOLOv5 and 20% higher than YOLOv5-ResNet50.In near-shore ship target detection,it effectively reduces the unnecessary increase in error rate caused by poor data set quality and inappropriate model training methods.

Application of Heat Treatment Furnace Temperature Field Detection in Equipment Repair Process

ZHENG Zhiqing, DUAN Wenling, AN Jun, LAI Lu, PANG Li, CHEN Yingnan

2024, 44(2):  60-63.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2024.02.10

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The importance of heat treatment process to equipment repair is determined by analyzing the role and influence of various types of heat treatment furnaces on metal materials or parts in the process of aircraft equipment repair.The influence of furnace temperature uniformity on product heat treatment results is briefly described,and the treatment methods of non-conformity of test results are encountered in the process of heat treatment furnace temperature uniformity test.Through technical means to ensure the conformity of heat treatment furnace temperature uniformity test results in the effective heating area,improve the heat treatment quality of equipment repair products,and ensure the repair cycle and repair quality of equipment.

Research on Working Radius of Plate for Precision Centrifuge

CHEN Ping, LIAO Wei, ZHANG Junxiu, TIAN Mingrong, ZHAN Hongwei

2024, 44(2):  64-68.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2024.02.11

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Acceleration accuracy,as one of the critical parameters of inertial sensors such as acceleration reference and control switches,plays a significant role in industrial and defense sectors.The calibration of acceleration accuracy is commonly conducted using precision centrifuges,and main factors affecting the accuracy of the centrifuge are rate accuracy and the radius of rotation during operation.Addressing these issues,the dynamic changes in the operational radius caused by centrifugal force is focused on,employing finite element analysis to examine the variations in operational radius under different conditions of worktable diameter,thickness,and centrifugal acceleration.Through data analysis and comparative evaluation of various parameters,principles to be followed in the design process of the worktable are identified,providing a reference for the design and uncertainty evaluation of centrifuge worktables in subsequent stages.

An Indirect Aiming Measurement Method Based on Reference Conversion

GAO Mingjie, DI Shichao, LI Fadong, CHEN Yu, WANG Yan

2024, 44(2):  69-73.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2024.02.12

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An indirect aiming measurement method based on reference conversion was developed for the aircraft without aiming window. By installing a reference conversion device at the tail of the aircraft,the attitude information of the aircraft inertial measurement unit and the reference conversion device are collected in the horizontal and vertical states,and the vertical state is aimed at the prism of the reference conversion device through the ground strapdown on the laser strapdown inertial unit to obtain the northward azimuth angle of the prism,and the initial azimuth angle of the aircraft inertial measurement unit is obtained through matrix conversion and other calculations,so as to realize the aiming measurement of the aircraft. 

A Fast Docking Mechanism for Precision Measuring Instruments

WANG Jun, SONG Xiaoyan, ZHANG Haiyan

2024, 44(2):  74-77.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2024.02.13

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In order to ensure the high precision and stability of fast docking and separation of two precision measuring instruments,a fast docking mechanism with high precision repeated positioning is designed.The three-point support method is adopted to ensure that the two instruments that need to be connected have high repeated positioning accuracy and constant error.The butt locking mechanism is formed by locking chuck and adjusting button,which realizes the high reliability and stability of the six degrees of freedom locking of two instruments,and realizes the rapidity of butt and separation.The installation limit function is designed to ensure the repeatability of the installation position.The principle of butt joint mechanism and the uncertainty factor of repeated positioning error is analyzed in brief.Finally,the design test is carried out to test the repeatable positioning accuracy of the two precision measuring instruments.The test results show that the fast docking mechanism has high repeatable positioning accuracy,which proves the design is reasonable.

A Portable Satellite Integrated Measurement and Control Platform Based on VPX Bus Architecture

LIU Hua, ZHAO Tiancheng, ZHANG Guoyi, Guo Kai

2024, 44(2):  78-86.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2024.02.14

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A technical solution for a portable satellite integrated measurement and control platform based on the VPX bus architecture is proposed,taking into account the requirements of both conventional satellite integrated measurement and control tasks and portable applications.The collaborative development of task functions is achieved through the utilization of standardized and universal hardware modules,as well as a uniform reconfigurable software design specification.The platform allows for the seamless integration of various measurement and control tasks across different platforms and facilitates,the expansion needs of multi-type and multi-model tasks,which is helpful to reduce the types of measurement and control equipment,and reduce the equipment cost of the measurement and control platform system,and significantly enhances the survivability,flexibility,and combat effectiveness of the measurement and control system,and strongly support the measurement and control of satellite/rocket maneuvers.

Integrated Design of Electrical System of Lightweight Satellite Platform Based on Random TT&C

WANG Xu, CHANG Xi, WANG Jiankang, ZHAO Gang, JIANG Yupeng

2024, 44(2):  87-92.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2024.02.15

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Due to the shortage of resources on the lightweight satellite platform,in order to improve the utilization of resources on the satellite,and to meet the requirements of mass,volume，function and other aspects,an integrated design of electrical system based on random access TT&C is proposed.Each function is modularized,and each function board is reintegrated in the satellite cabin for a chassis configuration.Standardized bus is realized through systemic information interaction.Meanwhile,the random access TT&C function is added in the cabinet,which reduces the complexity of measurement and control function design and improves the reliability of measurement and control while realizing the electrical integration design.

Monitoring and Analysis of Urban and Rural Local Environment Based on Infrared Imaging

HE Suochun, BU Fang, GUO Lizhen, LIU Yong, DONG Fei, SHEN Zhaoxin

2024, 44(2):  93-97.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2024.02.16

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Combined with the unique advantages of infrared detection and imaging technology in complex environmental monitoring,a local urban and rural environment monitoring system based on continuous zoom mid-wave infrared imaging technology is developed to carry out real-time monitoring of coal burning in urban and rural areas,and to complete the data processing analysis,the system can provide strong technical and data support for studying the trend and characteristics of coal burning in urban and rural areas and carrying out monitoring and management.The field monitoring test is carried out in the urban and rural areas of a city,and it has been proved that the system can operate stably and show clear imaging,and can realize all-weather online monitoring of the global and key locations in coal burning areas,data of the system is accurate and effective,and the system has good engineering application value.

Research on Measurement Method of Milli Tesla Class Magnetic Field Based on Coherent Population Trapping

ZHANG Fan, WANG Dongping, YI Siyue, CHENG Zhiyong, XIE Yin, PEI Huagang

2024, 44(2):  98-102.  doi:10.12060/j.issn.1000-7202.2024.02.17

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A method to measure milli tesla class magnetic field by coherent population trapping effect is proposed.Using linearly polarized laser to interact with ⁸⁷Rb atoms,two divided CPT resonance signals caused by the nucleus spins in the magnetic field is obtained,and the magnetic induction strength of the magnetic field is derived by analyzing the splitting distance between the two CPT resonance signals.This method can eliminate nonlinear error caused by the high-order term to improve the accuracy of measuring the milli tesla class magnetic field and provides a new scheme for the quantum standard of milli tesla magnetic field.